Country and Capital names

Just for fun, I’m sometimes trying to hunt down etymologies of place names and try to translate them more or less literally into Ayeri. Here’s such a list. Be aware that it’s not terribly well-researched and authoritative, however, as my source has mostly been Wikipedia, so your mileage may vary. For good measure, the respective source for each item is linked. If there is more than one theory on the etymology of a name, I picked the one that seemed most reasonable (i.e. needing only a small number of arguments to explain), most easy to adapt, or otherwise appealing to me; if theories seemed all too insecure, contradictory, or no information could be easily found, I stuck with phonologically adapting the name into Ayeri. Again, I compiled this list just for fun and without pursuing any specific agenda, and certainly not with the intention to ridicule anyone’s country.

More countries will be added as I find time to do so. For sub-national toponyms, see the ‘toponymy’ category of blog posts.

Common name elements

For one, compare the page on place name elements. Further common elements referring to the naming of countries especially are the following, which will not be further indicated in the list below:

ComponentEtymology
-aycf. aye ‘people, crew; community; tribe’
-bi(s)cf. bayhisān, baysān ‘realm, empire’ (lit. ‘being-ruled’)
bay-cf. bayhisān, baysān ‘realm, empire’ (lit. ‘being-ruled’)
-hem/-ham/-hacf. hema- ‘to lie’
-mincf. mitan- ‘to live, to dwell’
-nera/-na/-necf. nedra- ‘to sit’
-(r)icf. Ayeri
hiro‘new’
nay‘and’
ternu‘holy, sacred’

North America (Amerika temis/Bayrami temis)

(Updated 2013-09-22)

Country, Territory/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri EtymologyCapital/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri Etymology
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua e Barbuda
Tado nay Piku
tado ‘old’, piku ‘bearded’
Saint John’s
Saint John’s
Nasampangal ternu
nasan ‘mercy’ + pangal ‘god’
Bahamas
Bahamas
Karomprihin
karon ‘water, sea’ + prihin ‘flat, shallow’
Nassau
Nassau
Nasau
Barbados
Barbados
Pikuye
piku ‘beard’ + -ye ‘PL’
Bridgetown
Bridgetown
Nekaming
nekan ‘bridge’ + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Belize
Belize
Bikanong
bika ‘mud’ + -nongnongon ‘river’
Belmopan
Belmopán
Bimopan
Bi-Bikanong + Mo + Pan
Canada
Canada
Minkayi
minkay ‘settlement, village’
Ottawa
Ottawa
Ibucan
ibut- ‘trade’ + yano ‘place’
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Ijamaling
ijan ‘rich’ + maling ‘shore, coast’
San Jose
San José
Saganjyan ternu
saganya- ‘add’ + -yang ‘he’ ~ -yan ‘masc. name suffix’
Cuba
Cuba
Avankabu
avan ‘soil’ + kabu ‘fertile’
Havanna
La Habana
Habana
Dominica
Dominica
Nanahangi
na ‘GEN’ + nahang ‘Lord’
Roseau
Roseau
Siban
siban ‘reed’
Dominican Republic
Republica Dominica
Similitay Nanahang
similitay ‘republic’, na ‘GEN’ + nahang ‘Lord’
Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo
Nanahang ternu
na ‘GEN’ + nahang ‘Lord’
El Salvador
El Salvador
Madaya
mad- ‘rescue, save’ + -maya ‘AGT.NMLZ’
San Salvador
San Salvador
Madaya ternu
mad- ‘rescue, save’ + -maya ‘AGT.NMLZ’
Greenland[1. Autonomous constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark.]
Kalaallit Nunaat, Grønland
Kalāli, Simildano
Kalāli ‘Kalaallit’, simil ‘land’, dano ‘green’
Nuuk
Nuuk, Godthåb
Lakay, Gahāmban
lakay ‘cape’, gahān ‘hope’ + ban ‘good’
Grenada
Grenada
Luyaturayluyan ‘stranger’ + turay ‘hill’Saint George’s
Saint George’s
Yetang ternu
yetang ‘farmer’
Guatemala
Guatemala
Mehirikāna
mehir ‘tree’ + -ikan ‘many’ + -na ‘GEN’
Guatemala City
Guatemala City
Ayron Mehirikāna
ayron ‘city’, mehir ‘tree’ + -ikan ‘many’ + -na ‘GEN’
Haiti
Haïti, Ayiti
Similturay
simil ‘land’ + turay ‘hill’
Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince
Peromaykong
perong ‘prince’ + maykong ‘harbor’
Honduras
Honduras
Tasananye
tasanan ‘depth’ + -ye ‘PL’
Tegucigalpa
Tegucigalpa
Desayrang
desay ‘noble’ + -rang ‘home’
Jamaica
Jamaica
Mihankaron
mihan ‘wood’ + karon ‘water’
Kingston
Kingston
Lanyaming
lanya ‘king’ + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Mexico
México
Kayamin
kayan ‘war’
Mexico City
México
Ayron Kayamin
ayron ‘city’, kayan ‘war’
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Karonikar
karon ‘water, sea’ + Nikar ‘Nicarao’
Managua
Managua
Karonya
karon ‘water’ + -ya ‘LOC’
Panama
Pamamá
Kanganinun
kangan ‘abundance’ + inun ‘fish’
Panama City
Panamá
Kanganinun
kangan ‘abundance’ + inun ‘fish’
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Ijamikong
ijan ‘rich’ + -mikongmaykong ‘harbor’
San Juan
San Juan
Nasampangal ternu
nasan ‘mercy’ + pangal ‘god’
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Christopher and Nevis
Ninkrisyan ternu nay Kankana
nin- ‘to carry’ + kris ‘Christ’ (loaned, though cf. harisa ‘oiled’) + -yan ‘masc. name suffix’, kanka ‘snow’ + -na ‘GEN’
Basseterre
Basseterre
Simileyra
simil ‘land’ + eyra ‘low’
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
Makavay ternu
maka ‘bright’ + -vay ‘fem. name suffix’
Castries
Castries
Kastriyes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Pisadan ternu nay Luyaturayye
pisa- ‘conquer’ + -dan ‘masc. name suffix’, luyan ‘stranger’ + turay ‘hill’ + -ye ‘PL’
Kingstown
Kingstown
Lanyaminkay
lanya ‘king’ + minkay ‘settlement, village’
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
Kaykadisan nay Tartarihim
kay ‘three’ + kadisan ‘unity’, tartar ‘smoking pipe’ + ihim ‘herb, weed’
Port of Spain
Port of Spain
Maykong na Tantani
maykong ‘harbor’, na ‘GEN’, Tantani ‘Spain’
United States of America
United States of America
Similye kadisu na Bayrami
simil ‘land’ + -ye ‘PL’, kadisu ‘united’, na ‘GEN’, bayhi ‘ruler’ + rang ‘home’ (+ mico ‘powerful’)
Washington
Washington
Tamoyaming
tamo ‘wheat’ + -yan ‘masc. name suffix’ + -ming minkay ‘settlement, village’

South America (Amerika hinang/Bayrami hinang)

(Updated 2013-09-24)

Country, Territory/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri EtymologyCapital/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri Etymology
Argentina
Argentina
Ijambis
ijan ‘silver’ + -bisbaysān ‘realm, empire’
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Vemban
ven ‘air’ + ban ‘good’
Bolivia
Bolivia
Bāysupetang
aysu ‘valley’ + petang ‘mill’
Sucre, La Paz
Sucre, La Paz
Pasono, Sempay
pasono ‘sugar’; sempay ‘peace’
Brazil
Brasil
Mihantuvo
mihan ‘wood’ + tuvo ‘red’
Brasilia
Brasília
Mihantuvona
mihan ‘wood’ + tuvo ‘red’ + -na ‘GEN’
Chile
Chile
CiliSantiago
Santiago
Hangkurang ternu
hang- ‘hold’ + kurang ‘ankle’
Colombia
Colombia
Ruhayani
ruha ‘pigeon’ + -yan ‘masc. name suffix’
Bogota
Bogotá
Panganibang
pangan ‘end’ + ibang ‘field’
Ecuador
Ecuador
Raganterpeng
ragan ‘line’ + terpeng ‘middle, center’
Quito
Quito
Kito
Guyana
Guyana
Karonikan
karon ‘water’ + -ikan ‘many, much’
Georgetown
Georgetown
Yetangkay
yetang ‘farmer’ + -kay ← minkay ‘settlement, village’
Paraguay
Paraguay
Nongonikan
nongon ‘river’ + -ikan ‘many’
Asuncion
Asunción
Lingan
lingan ‘ascension’
Peru
Perú
PeruLima
Lima
Narayaman
nara- ‘speak, talk’ + -yam ‘PTCP’ + -an ‘NMLZ’
Suriname
Suriname
SurineriParamaribo
Paramaribo
Paramaribo
Uruguay
Uruguay
UruvayMontevideo
Montevideo
Silvarivan
silv- ‘see’ + rivan ‘mountain’
Venezuela
Venezuela
Dikunimin
dikun ‘passion’
Caracas
Caracas
Karakas

Asia (Asiya)

(Updated 2021-06-18)

Country, Territory/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri EtymologyCapital/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri Etymology
Afghanestan
افغانستان (Afghānestān), افغانستانت‎ (Afghānistān)
AvagambisKabul
کابل (Kābəl, Kābol)
Kabul
Armenia
Հայաստան (Hayastan)
HaykisYerevan
Երևան (Erewan)
Vitran
vitran ‘capture’
Azerbaijan
Azǝrbaycan
Tupoyternubis
tupoy ‘fire’ + ternu ‘holy’
Baku
Bakı
Pinay
pinay ‘windy’
Bahrain
البحرين‎ (al-Baḥrayn)
Karosam
karon ‘sea’ + sam ‘two’
Manama
المنامة‎ (al-Manāma)
Yanibān
yano ‘place’ + ‘nibān’ rest
Bangladesh
বাংলাদেশ (Bāṁlādesh)
BanglabisDhaka
ঢাকা (Ḍhākā)
Daka
Bhutan
འབྲུག་ཡུལ (Druk Yul, Dru Ü)
Bagambis
bagam ‘lizard’
Thimpu
ཐིམ་ཕུ་ (Thimphu)
Timpu
Brunei
Brunei, بروني (Brunei)
Karon
karon ‘sea, ocean’
Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan, بندر سري بڬاوان (Bandar Seri Begawan)
Riman Pangaltiga riman ‘city’ + pangal ’god’ + tiga ‘honorable’
Cambodia
កម្ពុជា (Kâmpŭchéa)
KambojaPhnom Penh
ភ្នំពេញ (Phnum Penh)
Penturay
Pen(h) + turay ‘hill’
China
中国 (Zhōngguó)
Similterpeng
simil ‘country’ + terpeng ‘middle, central’
Beijing
北京 (Běijīng)
Temivisam
temis ‘north’ + visam ‘main …; capital’
Cyprus
Κύπρος (Kípros), Kıbrıs
KipriNicosia
Λευκωσία (Lefkosía), Lefkoşa
Levakrang
Georgia
საქართველო (Sakartvelo)
KartubisTbilisi
თბილისი (Tbilisi)
Yanomato
yano ‘place’ + mato ‘warm’
India
भारत (Bhārat)
Tamisuyani
tamisu ‘esteemed, cherished’ + -yan ‘masc. name suffix’
New Delhi
नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī)
Dili hiro
Indonesia
Indonesia
Tadangliprān
tadang ‘island’ + lito ‘border’ + prida- ‘shake’ + -an ‘NOMZ’
Jakarta
Jakarta
Sikatikan
sikatan ‘victory’ + ikan ‘complete, whole’
Iran
ایران (Īrān)
Desayi
desay ‘noble’
Tehran
تهران‎ (Tehrān)
Terān
Iraq
العراق (al-‘Irāq)
IrākiBaghdad
بغداد‎ (Baghdād)
Bagadan
Israel
ישראל (Yisrā’el)
Sikampangali
sikatan ‘victory’ + pangal ‘God‘
Jerusalem
ירושלים‎ (Yerushalayim)
Sempaming
sempay ‘peace’ + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Japan
日本 (Nihon, Nippon)
Kohasil
kohan ‘sunrise’
Tokyo
東京都 (Tōkyō)
Kemavisam
keman ‘eastern’ + visam ‘main …; capital’
Jordan
اﻷرُدن (al-Urdun)
Apandaya
apand- ‘descend’ + -maya ‘AGT.NMLZ’
Amman
عمان‎ (Ammān)
Amān
Kazakhstan
Қазақстан (Qazaqstan), Казахстан (Kazakhstan)
Abagibis
Shortened from abagisaya ‘nomad’
Astana
Астана (Astana)
Visam
visam ‘main’
Korea (North)
조선 (Joseon)
JosenPyongyang
평양 (Pyeongyang)
Prihisil
prihin ‘flat’
Korea (South)
한국 (Han’guk)
HansilSeoul
서울 (Seoul)
Visam
visam ‘main …; capital’
Kuwait
الكويت‎ (al-Kuwayt)
KuvayKuwait City
مدينة الكويت (Madinat al-Kuwayt)
Ayron Kuvay
ayron ‘city’ + Kuwayt
Kyrgyzstan
Кыргызстан (Kyrgyzstan)
Yolambis
yolan ‘forty’
Bishkek
Бишкек (Bishkek)
Biskeka
Laos
ປະເທດລາວ (Pathet Lao)
LausilVientiane
ວຽງຈັນ (Viang chan)
Mihanverya
mihan ‘wood’ + verya ‘fragrant’
Lebanon
لبنان (Lubnān)
Makāni
maka ‘white’ + -an ‘NMLZ’
Beirut
بيروت‎ (Bayrūt)
Hasang
hasang ‘source, well’
Malaysia
Malaysia
MalaysilKuala Lumpur, Putrajaya
Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya
Bikametan, Perongsikatu
bika ‘mud’ + -kametankametidān ‘confluence’; perong ‘prince’ + sikatu ‘victorious’
Maldives
ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ (Divehi Raajje)
Tipaldangi
tipal ‘necklace’ + -dangtadang ‘island’
Malé
މާލެ (Maale)
Tipaldang
tipal ‘necklace’ + -dangtadang ‘island’
Mongolia
Монгол (Mongol)
Tenday
tendo ‘brave, courageous’
Ulan Bator
Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar), ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (Ulaγanbaγatur)
Hadaytuvo
haday ‘hero’ + tuvo ‘red’
Myanmar (Burma)
မြန်မာပြည် (Myanma)
BamayNaypyidaw
နေပြည်တော် (Naypyitaw)
Lanyamitang
lanya ‘king’ + -mitang ‘residence’
Nepal
नेपाल (Nepāl)
NepālKathmandu
काठमाडौं (Kāṭhmānḍu)
Pacamihan
pacam ‘shelter’ + mihan ‘wooden’
Oman
عُمان (‘Umān)
UmānMuscat
مسقط (Masqaṭ)
Yasikan
yano ‘place’ + sikan ‘anchor’
Pakistan
پاکستان‎ (Pākistān)
Apitubis
apitu ‘pure’
Lahore
لہور‎ (Lahor), لاہور‎ (Lāhor), ਲਾਹੌਰ (Lāhor), लाहौर (Lāhor)
Lopelang
Loh + pelang ‘fort’
Palestine[1. Status as an independent nation disputed.]
فلسطين (Filastīn)
PelestiJerusalem
القُدس (al-Quds)
Ternuan
ternu ‘holy’ + -an ‘NMLZ’
Philippines
Philippines, Pilipinas
Peledangi
pel ‘horse’ + ledan ‘friend’ + -dangitadangye ‘islands’
Manila
Maynila
Yanila
yano ‘place’ + Nila
Qatar
قطر (Qatar)
KatarDoha
الدوحة‎‎ (ad-Dawḥa)
Siray
siray ‘bay’
Russia
Россия (Rossija)
Kuhayi
kuh- ‘row’
Moscow
Москвa (Moskva)
Maskua
Saudi Arabia
السعودية‎ (as-Su‘ūdīya)
Baysān Saudi
baysān ‘empire, realm’ + Saud
Riyadh
الرياض‎ (ar-Riyāḍ)
Mondo
mondo ‘garden’
Singapore
新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō), Singapore, Singapura, சிங்கப்பூர் (Chiṅkappūr)
Latureng
latun ‘lion’ + -arengayron ‘city’
Singapore
新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō), Singapore, Singapura, சிங்கப்பூர் (Chiṅkappūr)
Latureng
latun ‘lion’ + -arengayron ‘city’
Sri Lanka
ශ්රී ලංකා (Śrī Laṁkā), இலங்கை (Ilaṅkai)
Tadananang
tadang ‘island’ + nanang ‘magnificient, great’
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo
ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ (Śrī Jayavardhanapura Kōṭṭē), ஶ்ரீ ஜெயவர்த்தனபுரம் கோட்டை (Śrī Jeyavarttaṉapuram Kōṭṭai); කොළඹ (Koḷam̆ba), கொழும்பு (Koḻumpu)
Sikatananang, Maykong
sikatan ‘victory’ + nanang ‘great’; maykong ‘harbor’
Syria
جمهورية (Sūrīyah), ﺳ ِﻮر (Sūriyā)
AsuriDamascus
دمشق‎ (Dimašq)
Dimaska
Taiwan[1. De facto independent, de jure part of China.]
中華民國 (Republic of China)
Similitay na Similterpeng
similitay ‘republic’, na ‘of’ + Similterpeng ‘China’
Taipei
臺北市 (Taipei)
Taytemis
Tai(wan) + temis ‘north’
Tajikistan
Тоҷикистон (Tojikiston)
TajibisDushanbe
Душанбе (Dushanbe), دوشنبه (Došanbe)
Samabahis
saman ‘second’ + bahis ‘day’
Thailand
ประเทศไทย (Prathet Thai)
Keynasil
keynam ‘people’
Bangkok
กรุงเทพ (Krung Thep)
Pangareng
pangal ‘god, deity’ + -arengayron ‘city’
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste, Timor Lorosa’e
Keman-keman
keman ‘east’
Dili
Díli
Dili
Turkey
Türkiye
TurkiAnkara
Ankara
Sikan
sikan ‘weight, anchor’
Turkmenistan
Türkmenistan
TurkibisAshgabat
Aşgabat, عشق‌آباد‎‎‎‎ (Ešq-ābād), Ашхабад (Ashkhabad)
Ilisāreng
ilisān ‘devotion’ + -arengayron ‘city’
United Arab Emirates
الإمارات (al-Imārāt)
Nosāyi
nosāya ‘commander, chief’
Abu Dhabi
أبو ظبي‎ (Abū Ẓabī)
Badanikam
badan ‘father’ + ikam ‘deer’
Uzbekistan
O‘zbekiston
Dapalbis
dapal ‘chief’
Tashkent
Toshkent, Тошкент (Toshkent), Ташкент (Tashkent)
Yelangreng
yelang ‘stone’ + -arengayron ‘city’
Vietnam
Việt Nam
Yehinang
Việt/Yuè + hinang ‘southern’
Hanoi
Hà Nội
Mesanong
mesam- ‘divide’ + nongon ‘river’
Yemen
اليمن (al-Yaman)
Torayan
torayan ‘blessing’
Sana’a
صنعاء‎ (Ṣan‘ā’)
Pelamban
pelang ‘fort, fortress’ + ban ‘good’

Europe (Eropa/Apani)

(Updated 2019-02-16)

Country, Territory/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri EtymologyCapital/Native nameTranslation/Ayeri Etymology
Albania
Shqipëria
Bihani
bihan- ‘understand’
Tirana
Tiranë
Tirana
Andorra
Andorra
Vinim
vinim ‘forest’
Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella
Vinim Tado
vinim ‘forest’, tado ‘old’
Armenia
Հայաստան (Hayastan)
HaykisYerevan
Երևան (Erewan)
Vitran
vitran ‘capture’
Austria
Österreich
Baysānkeman
baysān ‘realm’ + keman ‘eastern’
Vienna
Wien
Vinang
Belarus
Беларусь (Belarus’)
Kuhayi Maka
kuh- ‘row’, maka ‘white’
Minsk
Мінск (Minsk)
Miming
Měn + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Belgium
België, Belgique
Kritānga
krito ‘angry’
Brussels
Brussel, Bruxelles
Avararāng
avararan ‘wetland’ + rang ‘home’
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia i Herzegovina
Metida nay Haginasil
metida- ‘flow’, haginang ‘duke, captain’ + -silsimil ‘land’
Sarajevo
Sarajevo
Mitan
mitan ‘palace’
Bulgaria
България (Bălgarija)
Gababi
gaba- ‘mix’
Sofia
София (Sofija)
Ditavāya
ditavay ‘wisdom’ + -vaya ‘F.AGT.NOMZ’
Croatia
Hrvatska
KrovatiZagreb
Zagreb
Pangaling
pang ‘behind’ + maling ‘shore’
Cyprus
Κύπρος (Kípros), Kıbrıs
KipriNicosia
Λευκωσία (Lefkosía), Lefkoşa
Levakrang
Czech Republic
Česko
CehiPrague
Praha
Lukay
lukay ‘ford’
Denmark
Danmark
Litoprihi
lito ‘border’ + prihin ‘flat, plain’
Copenhagen
København
Butaymikong
ibutaya ‘trader’ + maykong ‘harbor’
Estonia
Eesti
Kemani
keman ‘east’
Tallinn
Tallinn
Talin
Faroe Islands[1. Not strictly an independent nation, but still notable enough to be included here.]
Føroyar
Tadamavi
tadang ‘island’ + mavi ‘sheep’
Torshavn
Tórshavn
Rugomaykong
rugon ‘thunder’ + maykong ‘harbor’
Finland
Suomi
Simi
simil ‘land’
Helsinki
Helsinki
Hesikarang
karang ‘rapids’
France
France
Kahani
kahan ‘spear’
Paris
Paris
Pari
Georgia
საქართველო (Sakartvelo)
KartubisTbilisi
თბილისი (Tbilisi)
Yanomato
yano ‘place’ + mato ‘warm’
Germany
Deutschland
Keynami
keynam ‘people’
Berlin
Berlin
Vangareng
vangan ‘swamp’
Greece
Ελλάς (Ellás)
HelasAthens
Αθήνα (Athína)
Atina
Holy See
Città del Vaticano, Civitas Vaticana
Nisahaming
nisahan ‘prophecy’ + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Vatican City
Città del Vaticano, Civitas Vaticana
Nisahaming
nisahan ‘prophecy’ + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Hungary
Magyarország
Majari
Majar
Budapest
Budapest
Karonhelan
karon ‘water’ + helan ‘oven’
Iceland
Ísland
Similkarsang
simil ‘land’ + karsang ‘ice’
Reykjavik
Reykjavík
Runusay
runu ‘smoke’ + -saysiray ‘bay’
Ireland
Éire
ĪriDublin
Dublin, Baile Átha Cliath
Duhalukay
duhas ‘hurdle’ + lukay ‘ford’
Italy
Italia
Labani
laban ‘calf’
Rome
Roma
Ruminkay
Roma + minkay ‘settlement, village’
Kosovo[1. Status as an independent nation disputed.]
Kosovë, Kosova, Косово (Kosovo)
Vipibang
vipin ‘bird’ + ibang ‘field’
Pristina
Priština, Приштина (Prishtina), Prishtinë
Pristina
Latvia
Latvija
Nujiray
nuj- ‘pour’ + iray ‘high’
Riga
Rīga
Penung
penung ‘barn’
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Yelamaka
yelang ‘stone’ + maka ‘white, bright’
Vaduz
Vaduz
Karonekan
karon ‘water’ + nekan ‘bridge’
Lithuania
Lietuvos
Nujireng
nuj- ‘pour’ + eyreng ‘lower’
Vilnius
Vilnius
Sintokivo
sinto ‘wave’ + kivo ‘small’
Luxembourg
Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Lëtzebuerg
Kivareng
kivo ‘small’ + -arengayron ‘castle’
Luxembourg
Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Lëtzebuerg
Kivareng
kivo ‘small’ + -arengayron ‘castle’
Malta
Malta
Tadampaso
tadang ‘island’ + paso ‘sweet’
Valletta
Valletta
Valeta
Moldova
Moldova
MoldovaChişinău
Chişinău
Hirobay
hiro ‘new’ + -baybayo ‘spring’
Monaco
Monaco
Mitankebay
mitan ‘dwell’ + kebay ‘alone’
Monaco
Monaco
Mitankebay
mitan ‘dwell’ + kebay ‘alone’
Montenegro
Црна Гора (Crna Gora)
Rivamakārya
rivan ‘mountain’ + makārya ‘black’
Podgorica
Подгорица (Podgorica)
Eyranturay
eyran ‘under, below’ + turay ‘hill’
Netherlands
Nederlands
Similye eyra
simil ‘land’ + -ye ‘PL’, eyra ‘low’
Amsterdam, The Hague
Amsterdam, ‘s-Gravenhage/Den Haag
Amsukray, Turay(nahang)sukran ‘dam’; turay ‘hill’ (+ nahang ‘lord’)
North Macedonia
Северна Македонија (Severna Makedonija)
Nakeri temis
nake ‘tall’, temis ‘north, northern’
Skopje
Скопје (Skopje)
Sekopya
Norway
Norge
Sasāntemis
sasān ‘way’ + temis ‘north’
Oslo
Oslo
Pramitray
prami ‘meadow’ + -tray < turay ‘hill’
Poland
Polska
Baybang
ibang ‘field’
Warsaw
Warszawa
Varsava
Portugal
Portugal
Vemaykong
veno ‘beautiful’ + maykong ‘harbor’
Lisbon
Lisboa
Pakamaykong
paka ‘safe’ + maykong ‘harbor’
Romania
România
Rumayi
Rumay ‘Roman people’
Bucharest
Bucureşti
Palay
palay ‘joy’
Russia
Россия (Rossija)
Kuhayi
kuh- ‘row’
Moscow
Москвa (Moskva)
Maskua
San Marino
San Marino
Karonyan ternu
karon ‘water, sea’ + -yan ‘masc. name suffix’
San Marino
San Marino
Karonyan ternu
karon ‘water, sea’ + -yan ‘masc. name suffix’
Serbia
Србија (Srbija)
Kamay
kamo ‘same’
Belgrade
Београд (Beograd)
Makayron
maka ‘white’ + ayron ‘city’
Slovakia
Slovensko
Narkamin
nara- ‘speak’ + kamo ‘same’
Bratislava
Bratislava
Presal
Slovenia
Slovenija
Narakamo
nara- ‘speak’ + kamo ‘same’
Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Caysu
caisu ‘beloved’
Spain
España
Tantani
tantang ‘rabbit’
Madrid
Madrid
Lukibang
lukay ‘ford’ + ibang ‘field’
Sweden
Sverige
Sitangi
sitang ‘self, own’
Stockholm
Stockholm
Mihantang
mihan ‘wood’ + -tangtadang ‘island’
Switzerland
Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera
SuyminBerne
Bern
Sepraming
sepran ‘slit, crack, cleft’ + -mingminkay ‘settlement, village’
Turkey
Türkiye
TurkiAnkara
Ankara
Sikan
sikan ‘weight, anchor’
Ukraine
Україна (Ukrayina)
Similitanye
similitan ‘borderland’
Kyiv
Київ (Kiyiv)
Cīna
Kyi + -na ‘GEN’
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Lagasim Kadisu
lagasim ‘kingdom’, kadisu ‘united’
London
London
London